Operating system

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An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs.

You can use macOS, Windows, Linux, Cloud-based laptops (e.g. Chrome OS), or whatever you think is suitable. Personally, I choose the operating systems in the Debian-based (Ubuntu and its official distributions or Linux Mint Debian Edition/ Linux Mint). Operating systems in the Debian-based can install software with APT (Advanced Package Tool) command, have the configuration, and more things in the same way (Ubuntu is also supported by Canonical Ltd.)

Common operating systems:

Microsoft Windows
created by Microsoft. Microsoft Windows is one of the most popular proprietary operating systems for computers in the world.

Windows 11 Windows Server
UNIX operating system
is an operating system which was first developed in the 1960s, and has been under constant development ever since.
- Sun Solaris
  is the computer operating system that Sun Microsystems provides for its family of Scalable Processor Architecture-based processors as well as for Intel-based processors. Sun has historically dominated the large UNIX workstation market.
- BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution)
  is a discontinued operating system based on Research Unix, developed and distributed by the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) at the University of California, Berkeley. The term "BSD" commonly refers to its descendants.
  
  Some distributions: FreeBSD GhostBSD OpenBSD DragonFly BSD and more...
  
  macOS is a proprietary graphical operating system developed and marketed by Apple Inc. since 2001. It is the primary operating system for Apple's Mac computers. Major versions of macOS are released once a year now, and usually maintained for three years. More information is available on the macOS website.
- GNU/Linux has been around since the mid-1990s and has since reached a user-base that spans the globe. Linux is actually everywhere: It’s in your phones, your thermostats, in your cars, refrigerators, Roku devices, and televisions. It also runs most of the Internet, all of the world’s top 500 supercomputers, and the world’s stock exchanges.
  News and feature lists of Linux and BSD distributions
  - Debian-based
    Debian is an operating system and a distribution of Free Software. It is maintained and updated through the work of many users who volunteer their time and effort. Debian-based Linux Distributions:
    
    MX Linux Deepin Linux Mint Debian Edition Raspberry Pi OS antiX Kali Linux Nitrux PureOS Ubuntu and more...
    
    Ubuntu is a Linux distribution based on Debian. It is officially released in three editions: Desktop, Server, and Core for Internet of things devices or robot.
    Official Ubuntu distributions: Kubuntu Lubuntu Ubuntu Budgie Ubuntu Kylin Ubuntu MATE Ubuntu Studio Xubuntu Ubuntu Cinnamon
    Third-party Ubuntu distributions: Bodhi Linux elementary OS Linux Mint Peppermint OS Pop!_OS Zorin OS Linux Lite and more...
  - RPM-based
    Red Hat Linux CentOS Fedora openSUSE and more...
  - Arch-based
    Arch Linux EndeavourOS Manjaro SteamOS Garuda and more...
  - Gentoo-based
    Gentoo Chrome OS Chromium OS and more...
  - Android is a mobile operating system based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open source software, designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.
  - Solus Alpine Linux Various Linux distributions

Linux distributions need a desktop environment to provide the usual GUI and native applications. This is where you’ll find the graphical user interface to work with programs – it can be used for any size or type of device. There are so many great features to point out with Linux, but the one I like best is how there are so many different desktop environments to choose from. And just like how there’s an abundance of choices with Linux distros, you also have different options for your desktop environment.

Desktop Environments for Linux: KDE Plasma GNOME MATE Xfce Deepin LXQt Budgie Cinnamon and more...

When working with UNIX you need a mapping of some hostnames to IP addresses before DNS can be referenced (cập nhật tệp /etc/hosts) or work with *.sh (Bash Shell Script).